I've managed to plant a few trees around my urban homestead, and one of the big movements is permaculture. I like the idea of permaculture, and I think it help my trees look better. One idea I keep seeing is planting plants around your trees for compost. The big plant that is mentioned is comfrey (Symphytum officinale) or Russian comfrey (Symphytum x uplandicum, or Symphytum asperum x officinale). Comfrey has lots of uses, it can attract beneficial insects, it can ward off bad insects, and the most important part in my opinion is it's fast growing and can be composted right where it grows.
When discussing plants, one problem that always crops up is identification. Many plants can go by many common names, but plants will typically only go by one scientific name. This is not always true, as our genetic science gets better, our understanding of plants and animals gets deeper. Things can and will be reclassified in the future. It will be much easier to identify and use Symphytum officinale even if it gets reclassified into Borage officinale (this is facetious, I know of no plans to do this), than it is to look back in a hundred years and try to decipher whether they meant Symphytum officinale when they listed medicinal usages of Comfrey, or whether they meant Cynoglossum officinale. I am going to do my best in the future to give scientific names to all the plants that I discuss in the future.
Russian comfrey is a natural cross between two different types of comfrey (rough comfrey and common comfrey, Symphytum x uplandicum, or Symphytum asperum x officinale). Russian comfrey is high in protein, (20-30% dried). This is a great food for chickens and rabbits. It is also very high in biomass. While alfalfa can yield 18 tons per acre, Russian comfrey can yield up to 100-120 tons per acre. The plant is also high in potassium, somewhere between 5 and 7%. The NPK ratio is also very similar to manure. All of this sounds great, but I do have one problem, it is a hybrid plant, so the seeds won't produce true. It is cultivated by the root stems. I still prefer open pollinated, seed bearing native plants. Russian comfrey is a cross, not a GMO, so you could plant the different kinds of comfrey, and make your own hybrids.
If I could find some locally to purchase and grow, I probably would just for testing purposes. I like the idea of it, but I'd have to order it. I've never ordered live plants or seeds before, but I prefer to deal with locally owned and operated business's. This leads me to search for alternatives. One thing I have learned is that Comfrey is in the Borage family of plants. And Borage plants are native to my area. The one I am most interested in is Cynoglossum virginianum (Hound's Tongue, or Wild Comfrey).
This plant sounds promising to me, it has a very similar common name, it is in the same family, and while I may not be able to buy it locally, it is a native plant that I can probably find growing wild nearby. But how does it compare to Russian comfrey?
This is a good question. While many people have done studies on the "true" comfrey's, I can't find any research on the Cynoglossum's. I did find one article that discussed the nutrients of the plant when eaten. (https://journals.tdl.org/watchbird/index.php/watchbird/article/view/1973/1944). When using these numbers to calculate the percentage of protein was about 3%, while the potassium was about .3% and the phosphorus was .01 to .02%. I'm not positive that this is a one-to-one ratio as I originally intended.
There are other benefits to using the native comfrey. It is attractive to bees, both honey and native bees. This is a huge benefit to growing it around your fruit trees. It also puts down long taproots, so it will help to add trace minerals closer to the surface. Cynoglossum virginianum also is purported to have medicinal benefits.
There needs to be more research done to determine if native comfrey can replace the other comfreys in my garden, but any renaissance person worth their salt can do research. Hopefully, I'll get a chance to get in the woods next weekend, and do some foraging for wild comfreys.
Tuesday, May 17, 2016
Sunday, May 8, 2016
How-to: Fishing Jugs
With temperatures steadily rising, and the Sun starting to shine more and more everyday, my thoughts are turning to fishing more and more. My whole life I've been focused solely on pole fishing, and while fishing with poles will always be my go to fishing method, but one thing that every Renaissance man should know how to do is efficiently gather large quantities of food. One way to do this in the summer is with passive fishing methods. Since I just recently acquired a boat, my horizons have been opened a little further. I'm now able to try more methods of fishing, jug fishing, trotlining, even netting.
As always, before you do anything described below, make sure you read up on all the rules and regulations for fishing in your area, and state. At a minimum, you probably need at least a fishing license.
In my opinion, jug fishing is pretty easy. Get an old jug, tie on some line, a hook, bait it and throw it in the water. The first thing you need is some type of large floating item. I save old bleach bottles. I like them the best since they have a screw on lid, and lots of ample storage inside. You could also use coke bottles. I would use anything that is waterproof and has a screw on lid. You could use milk jugs, but I would be careful simple of the snap on lids. You wouldn't to hook a giant catfish, only to lose it by having your jug fill up with water, and the catfish sinking the jug to the bottom of the lake/river. You can also use pool noodles, just cut them to about a foot or two in length.
Where I live, you have to have you name, address and either fishing license number or drivers license number. I like to number my jugs, that way I know how many I jugs I've set out, and whether I've missed any. Another thing I like to do is either add some reflective strips, or paint a fluorescent strip on them, so you can shine a flashlight and find them at night.
My set up right now consists of tarred bank line, some swivels, and 30lb test monofilament line, and circle hooks. Use your favorite fishing knot, I tie the tarred line to the jug, and then add a swivel to the bottom. Tie a length of the 30 lb test line to the swivel and add a circle hook at the bottom.
There are many variations you could use to this rig. Testing is needed to match the conditions at your local fishing hole. I'm using a one foot length of bank line, and then another foot of monofilament with a 2/0 circle hook at the bottom.
Right now, I'm going after crappie in the shallows. If I was going after catfish, I would probably add a little more length to both the lines, and go with a bigger circle hook.
Baits can be just about anything you want, for crappie, bass, and walleye I would use minnows. For catfish or turtles, I would go with panfish, liver, or stinkbait.
As always, before you do anything described below, make sure you read up on all the rules and regulations for fishing in your area, and state. At a minimum, you probably need at least a fishing license.
In my opinion, jug fishing is pretty easy. Get an old jug, tie on some line, a hook, bait it and throw it in the water. The first thing you need is some type of large floating item. I save old bleach bottles. I like them the best since they have a screw on lid, and lots of ample storage inside. You could also use coke bottles. I would use anything that is waterproof and has a screw on lid. You could use milk jugs, but I would be careful simple of the snap on lids. You wouldn't to hook a giant catfish, only to lose it by having your jug fill up with water, and the catfish sinking the jug to the bottom of the lake/river. You can also use pool noodles, just cut them to about a foot or two in length.
Where I live, you have to have you name, address and either fishing license number or drivers license number. I like to number my jugs, that way I know how many I jugs I've set out, and whether I've missed any. Another thing I like to do is either add some reflective strips, or paint a fluorescent strip on them, so you can shine a flashlight and find them at night.
My set up right now consists of tarred bank line, some swivels, and 30lb test monofilament line, and circle hooks. Use your favorite fishing knot, I tie the tarred line to the jug, and then add a swivel to the bottom. Tie a length of the 30 lb test line to the swivel and add a circle hook at the bottom. 
Right now, I'm going after crappie in the shallows. If I was going after catfish, I would probably add a little more length to both the lines, and go with a bigger circle hook.
Baits can be just about anything you want, for crappie, bass, and walleye I would use minnows. For catfish or turtles, I would go with panfish, liver, or stinkbait.